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牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞的組合
accountaccount for
(tr)(為某事)給出充分的理由,圓滿(mǎn)地解釋?zhuān)撤N行為或某項(xiàng)支出),做出交代:
A treasurer must account for the money he spends.
財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)人必須對(duì)他支付的款項(xiàng)做出交代。
He has behavd in the most extraordinary way;I can’t account for hisactions at all/I can’t account for his behaving like that.
他的行為極為奇怪,我完全無(wú)法解釋他的行動(dòng)/我無(wú)法為他那樣的舉動(dòng)做出解釋。
allow
allow for(tr)預(yù)先為某事留有余地,考慮到(常指某種額外的需要、支出、耽擱等):
—It is 800 kilometres and I drive at 100 k.p.h., so I’ll be there in eighthours.
—But you’ll have to allow for delays going through towns and for stopsfor refuelling.
—距離是800公里,而我的車(chē)速是每小時(shí)100公里,因此我八小時(shí)后可以到那里。
—可是你得把通過(guò)市鎮(zhèn)和停車(chē)加油所耽擱的時(shí)間考慮進(jìn)去。
Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth£2,000 this timenext year.
如果考慮到折舊,你的車(chē)明年此時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)值2,000英鎊。
answer
answer back(intr),answer somebody back反駁別人的責(zé)難,回嘴頂撞:
Father:Why were you so late last night? You weren’t in till2 a.m.
父親:你昨晚回家為什么這么晚?你直到凌晨?jī)牲c(diǎn)鐘才回來(lái)。
Son:You should have been asleep.
兒子:那時(shí)候你本該睡著了。
Father:Don’t answer me back.Answer my question.
父親:別跟我頂嘴;卮鹞业膯(wèn)題。
ask
ask after/for somebody 探詢(xún)有關(guān)……的信息,(向第三者)問(wèn)某人健康如何:
I met Tom at the party;he asked after you.
我在聚會(huì)上遇見(jiàn)了湯姆;他問(wèn)你好。(問(wèn)你健康如何/問(wèn)你過(guò)得怎么樣)
ask for
。╝)尋找某人并想和他/她說(shuō)話(huà),要求見(jiàn)到某人:
Go to the office and ask for my secretary.
到辦公室去,找我的秘書(shū)。
。╞)要求,索要:
The men asked for more pay and shorter hours.
工人們要求增加工資,減少工時(shí)。
ask someone in(賓語(yǔ)在in之前)請(qǐng)某人進(jìn)來(lái):
He didn’t ask me in;he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.
他沒(méi)有讓我進(jìn)去;他徑自看那張條子,讓我站在門(mén)口等著。
ask someone out(賓語(yǔ)在out之前)請(qǐng)某人出去參加娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)或吃飯(特別是在公眾地方吃飯):
She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the evenings,so she seldom spent an evening at home.
她有很多朋友,晚上常被邀請(qǐng)外出,因此她晚上很少在家里呆著。
back
back away(intr)慢慢地退回去(因?yàn)橛龅侥撤N危險(xiǎn)或不愉快的事):
When he took a gun out everyone backd away nervously.
他拿出槍來(lái)時(shí),大家都緊張地向后退去。
back out(intr)退出(某事先已同意的聯(lián)合行動(dòng)),停止或拒絕給予所允諾的幫助或支持:
He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.
他本來(lái)同意給予幫助的,但在發(fā)現(xiàn)事情有多么困難之后就打退堂鼓了。
back somebody up從道義上或行動(dòng)上支持:
The headmaster never backed up his staff.(backed them up)If a parentcomplained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in thewrong.
校長(zhǎng)從來(lái)不給教員們撐腰。凡是有家長(zhǎng)給老師提意見(jiàn)時(shí),他總是認(rèn)為一定是老師不對(duì)。
be
be against(tr)反對(duì)(常帶動(dòng)名詞):
I’m for doing nothing till the police arrive./I’m against doing anythingtill the police arrive.
我贊成在警察來(lái)到以前不采取行動(dòng)。/我反對(duì)在警察到來(lái)以前采取任何行動(dòng)。
be away(intr)(至少有一個(gè)晚上)不在家,不在某地
be back(intr)在長(zhǎng)期或短暫地離開(kāi)之后回到原地:
—I want to see Mrs Pitt.Is she in?
—No,I’m afraid she’s out at the moment./No,I’m afraid she’s awayfor the weekend.
—When will she be back?
—She’ll be back in half an hour/next week.
—我想見(jiàn)皮特夫人。她在嗎?
—不,恐怕她現(xiàn)在不在。/不,我想她外出度周末了。
—她什么時(shí)候回來(lái)?
—她半小時(shí)后/下周回來(lái)。
be for(tr)贊成(常帶動(dòng)名詞)
be in(intr)在家或在某個(gè)建筑物內(nèi)
be in for(tr)將要遇上(常跟某種令人不愉快的事):
Did you listen to the weather forecast? I’m afraid we’re in for a bumpyflight.
你聽(tīng)氣象預(yù)報(bào)沒(méi)有?恐怕我們這次航班要很顛簸。
If you think that the work is going to be easy you’re in for a shock.
如果你以為這工作將容易,那么你可要大吃一驚了。
be out(intr)短時(shí)間不在家/不在某個(gè)建筑物里,但并不在外過(guò)夜
be over(intr)結(jié)束:
The storm is over now;we can go on.
暴風(fēng)雨過(guò)去了;我們可以繼續(xù)走了。
be up(intr)起床了:
Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sundaymorning.She won’t be up.
星期日早上8點(diǎn)鐘時(shí),別指望她聽(tīng)見(jiàn)門(mén)鈴響會(huì)來(lái)開(kāi)門(mén)。她那時(shí)還沒(méi)有起床呢。
be up to(tr)體力或智力足以……(賓語(yǔ)常用it,但也可用動(dòng)名詞):
After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longerup to the work/up to doing the work.
部長(zhǎng)生病后繼續(xù)任職,但他已力不勝任了。
be up to something/some mischief/some trick/no good從事或忙于某種調(diào)皮的、不正道的或有害的事/搗鬼:
Don’t trust him;he is up to something/some trick.
別信他;他在搞鬼/在耍詭計(jì)。
The boys are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.
男孩子們無(wú)聲無(wú)息了。我不知他們?cè)趽v什么鬼。
注意:這里up to的賓語(yǔ)常是某一很不確定的詞語(yǔ),如上面例句所示。這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)從來(lái)不與某一具體明確的事連用。
it is up to someone(常帶動(dòng)詞不定式)此事是某人的職責(zé):
It is up to the government to take action on violence.
采取行動(dòng)對(duì)付暴力行為,是政府職責(zé)所在。
I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.
我已盡我所能地幫助你了,F(xiàn)在該看你自己了。(你得靠自己的努力干下去。)
bear
bear out(tr)證實(shí),提供證明:
This report bears out my theory.(bears my theory out/bears it out)
這報(bào)告證實(shí)了我的理論。
bear up(intr)聽(tīng)到壞消息仍能勇敢支撐,掩飾感情或憂(yōu)傷:
The news of her death was a great shock to him but he bore up bravely and none of us realized how much he felt it.
她故去的消息對(duì)他來(lái)講是個(gè)打擊,但他勇敢地支撐著,我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)意識(shí)到他的感受該有多么強(qiáng)烈。
blow
blow out(tr)吹熄:
The wind blew out the candle.(blew the candle out/blew it out)
風(fēng)吹滅了蠟燭。
blow up(tr/intr)
(a)用爆炸的方法毀滅,爆炸,被毀:
They blew up the bridges so that the enemy couldn’t follow them.(blew the bridges up/blew them up)
他們炸毀了橋,好讓敵人不能追上他們。
Just as we got to the bridge it blew up.
我們剛到橋頭,橋就炸掉了。
。╞)充氣,打氣,使膨脹:
The children blew up their balloons and threw them into the air.( blew the balloons up/blew them up)
孩子們把氣球吹鼓了,扔向空中。
boil
boil away(intr)(液體)因沸騰而揮發(fā)完,熬干:
I put the kettle on the gas ring and then went away and forgot about it.
When I returned, the water had all boiled away and the flame had burnta hole in the kettle.
我把壺放在煤氣灶上,然后就走開(kāi)把這事忘掉了。我回來(lái)時(shí),水都燒干了,火把壺底燒出了一個(gè)窟窿。
boil over(intr)(液體因沸騰而)溢到容器外面:
The milk boiled over and there was a horrible smell of burning.
牛奶潽了,燒糊的味道極為難聞。
break
break down a door etc.用強(qiáng)力敲破或撞破:
The firemen had to break down the door to get into the burning house.
(break the door down/break it down)
消防員不得不破門(mén)而入以便到著火的房子里邊去。
break down figures將一數(shù)目分別列在不同項(xiàng)目下以作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明:
You say that 10,000 people use this library.Could you break that downinto age-groups?
你說(shuō)有10,000人使用這所圖書(shū)館。你能否按年齡組將數(shù)字
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