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引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

時(shí)間:2025-01-13 08:54:58 煒玲 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 我要投稿
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引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

  名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。下面是小編整理的引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞,僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。

  引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

  引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi):

  連接詞:that,whether,if 不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)

  連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,

  whose, which.

  連接副詞:when, where, how, why

  不可省略的連詞:

  1. 介詞后的連詞

  2. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。

  That she was chosen made us very happy.

  We heard the news that our team had won.

  比較:whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,whether 不能被if 取代:

  1. whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首

  2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

  3. whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)

  4. 從句后有"or not"

  Whether he will come is not clear.

  大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句都可以置于句末,用 it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)。

  It is not important who will go.

  It is still unknown which team will win the match.

  連接詞

  分類(lèi)

  名詞性從句的連接詞

  引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類(lèi):

  連詞(5個(gè)):that (本身無(wú)意義。引導(dǎo)單一的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that?墒÷裕龑(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that通常不被省略)

  whether,if (均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性)as if , as though ([1]均表示“好像”,“似乎”)

  ◆以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

  連接代詞(9個(gè)):what/whatever, who/whoever, whom/whomever,whose, which/whichever 作主干成分

  連接副詞(8個(gè)):when/whenever, where/wherever, how/however, why,because 作狀語(yǔ)

  不可省略的連詞:

  1. 介詞后的連詞。

  2. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.

  3. 在從句中做成分的連詞.

  比較

  whether與if均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下,只可用whether:

  1. whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)。

  eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.

  2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

  eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.

  3. whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。

  eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.

  4.只有whether可以和or not連用,且多放在句末。

  We didnt know whether or not she was ready.

  5.后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。

  6.whether可引導(dǎo)從句,作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)而if不行。

  按成分分類(lèi)

  主語(yǔ)從句

  主語(yǔ)從句通常由下列詞引導(dǎo):

 。1)從屬連詞that、whether等;

  (2)連接代詞what、who、which、whatever、whoever、whom、whichever等;

  (3)連接副詞how、when、where、why 等。

  that在句中無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞都在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用,連接代詞主要作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等,連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever、whoever表示泛指意義。例如:

  What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說(shuō)什么,還不清楚。

  Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。

  It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。

  Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行,還沒(méi)有宣布。

  有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首,而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下:

 。1)It be+ 名詞 + that從句

  Its a great pity that theydidntget married.

  他們沒(méi)能結(jié)婚,真是令人惋惜。

  It s a good thing that you were insured.

  幸好你上了保險(xiǎn)。

  (2)It be + 形容詞 + that從句

  Its splendid that you passed your exam.

  你通過(guò)考試了,真棒。

  Its strange that there are no lights on.

  真奇怪,沒(méi)有一盞燈是開(kāi)著的。

 。3)It be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+ 主語(yǔ)從句

  Its said that he has been there many times.

  據(jù)說(shuō)他去過(guò)那兒很多次。

  (4)It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that 從句[1]

  seem,appear.happen,come out.turn out,etc

  It seems that.....

  另注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:

  It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

  It is suggested (requested,proposed,desired, etc.) that…

  (5) it seems/happens+that 從句

  (6)眾所周知的幾種表達(dá)方式

 、買(mǎi)t is known to us that.

 、贏s is known to us.

 、踂hat is known to us is that.

  it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu):It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其它部分。

  eg:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

  強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ):It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

  強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ):It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

  強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間:It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不用when)

  強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn):It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

  賓語(yǔ)從句

  名詞從句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。

  1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

  由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。

  He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。

  We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。

  注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語(yǔ)從句常用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。

  I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。

  The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。

  2. 用who,whom, which,whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句,應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

  I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。

  She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。

  She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人,她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。

  3.可運(yùn)用it做形式賓語(yǔ)。

 、賱(dòng)詞make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置,結(jié)構(gòu):S.+vt+it+adj./n.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))+o(賓語(yǔ))。

  I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開(kāi)水是有必要的。

  I feel it a pity that I havent been to theget-together.我沒(méi)去聚餐,感覺(jué)非常遺憾。

  ②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it,這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要是:hate,take,owe,have,see to

  I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿(mǎn)嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話(huà)。

  We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的。

  He will have it that our plan is really practical.他認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行。

  4.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:

 、賥hether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí);

  Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒(méi)有生命是個(gè)有趣的問(wèn)題。

  Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加派對(duì)得看交通情況。

 、谫e語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),只能用whether;

  Whether this is true or not, I really dont know.這是否真實(shí),我也不知道。

 、垡龑(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,只能用whether;

  The question is whether we can get in touch with her.問(wèn)題是我們是否能聯(lián)系上她。

 、芤龑(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),只能用whether;

  His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔(dān)心他是否會(huì)失去工作。

  Im thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考慮我是否應(yīng)該辭去現(xiàn) 在的工作。

  Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢(qián)。

 、輎f與whether都可以與or not連用,但后面緊跟著or not時(shí)只能用whether;

  We didnt know whether or not she was ready.(此時(shí)只能用whether)

  I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此時(shí)則二者都可以用)

 、藓蠼觿(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),用whether;

  Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留.

  Icantdecide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。

  ⑦用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),只用whether;

  Could you tell me if you know the answer ?

  這句話(huà)有兩種意思:“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎!被颉叭绻阒来鸢,請(qǐng)告訴我,好嗎!。如用whether可避免歧義.

  ⑧whether可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

  The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請(qǐng)專(zhuān)家由家庭醫(yī)生來(lái)定。

  5. 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn) 在時(shí),從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況,而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。

  I know (that) he studies English every day. (從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))

  I know (that) he studied English last term. (從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí))

  I know (that) he will study English next year. (從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí))

  I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

  當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(could, would除外),從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),如一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等;當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理,科學(xué)原理,自然現(xiàn)象,則從句仍用現(xiàn) 在時(shí)態(tài)。

  The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.

  All of us know that the moon moves round the earth.

  6. think, believe, imagine,suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中,要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健<磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲小?/p>

  We don’t think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。

  I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。

  表語(yǔ)從句

  在復(fù)合句中,位于系動(dòng)詞之后作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語(yǔ)從句位于系動(dòng)詞后,有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。

  其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+ 聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞+ that從句

  1.that 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,無(wú)詞義,只起連接作用,不可省。

  2.聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞可為be,look,seem,sound,appear等。

  3.主語(yǔ)可為名詞fact,truth,cause,question,explanation,trouble,assumption,belief等,代詞this,that,these,it等。

  The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。

  That’s just what I want. 這正是我想要的。

  This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。

  That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。

  It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。

  Raw material is what we are badly in need of.原材料是我們所急需的。

  China is not what it used to be.中國(guó)已不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。

  【注意】

  1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。

  The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

  2.whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

  3.That is why…譯為“這就是……的原因/因此”。

  其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中做表語(yǔ),該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

  That is why you see this woman before you now.這就是現(xiàn)在這位女士出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。

  That is why I came.這就是我來(lái)的原因。

  區(qū)別:①That is why ……與That is the reason why …同義,只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,前者中的why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,后者中的why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

  That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.這就是我不能同意的理由。

  ②That is because …句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此做表語(yǔ),意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤薄?/p>

  That is because …指原因或理由。

  That is why … 指由于各種原因所造成的后果。

  He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他沒(méi)有去看電影,那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話(huà)說(shuō)明結(jié)果,第二句話(huà)說(shuō)明原因)

  He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過(guò)那部電影,因此他昨晚沒(méi)有去看。(第一句話(huà)說(shuō)明原因,第二句話(huà)說(shuō)明結(jié)果)

  同位語(yǔ)從句

  同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo),可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如:

  The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

  I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。

  The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。

  同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:

  that作為關(guān)系代詞,可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,充當(dāng)句子成分,在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略; that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),起連詞的作用,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分,一般不能省略。

  試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:

  I had no idea that you were here.(that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,不能省略)

  Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece。(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)

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